Sunday, December 7, 2014

Naval sonar use, is it worth the damage?

So whats the problem?
The U.S Navy uses sonar tests to detect enemy submarines, which is great because it provides us with safety and security, however it also has deadly on marine life, specifically whales. Whales use echolocation to hunt, find mates, navigate, and communicate but when the Navy performs their sonar testing all this get disturbed. Beaked whales, found to be the most effected by sonar, have been found to stop all use of echolocation and move as far away as 54 kilometers from the source of the sonar without returning for at least three days. The sonar also can cause hearing loss to the whales, this hearing loss is not always permanent, but any amount of time not hearing puts the animal in danger. The sonar tests not only disrupts the whales communication but also causes severe physiological damage. Mass strandings of beaked whales have been found where sonar testing has been performed. The most severe finding was in 2002 in the Canary Islands, fourteen beaked whales were found dead close to the site of a naval sonar exercise. When studied postmortem the whales were found to have no pathogens, inflammation, or tumors, leading the scientist to believe something outside of natural causes killed the whales. The scientist found the whales to have severe congestion and hemorrhage around their acoustic jaw fat, ears, brains, and kidneys, as well as gas-bubble-associated legions and fat embolisms in vessels and parenchyma of vital organs. This "gas and fat embolic syndrome"  is induced by the sonar signals and is caused from the super saturation of nitrogen above the normally tolerated threshold of organs, causing bubble growth and initiates embolisms.

Is there a solution?
Of course like any hypothesis, more studies need to be done to verify the strandings of the beaked whales is from the sonar testing, but while it is still a possibility changes need to be made to prevent more mass deaths of whales. China has changed their method of submarine detection to using overhead satellites which has been proven not to have deadly effects on marine life. The Navy has started training dolphins to detect object in water and send a signal to the boat for location detection. Other than that not many alternatives have been found or even looked into which is a problem. The sonar causes noise pollution and has obvious deadly effects on whales. Global awareness needs to be raised about this issue so that the Navy is pushed to find an alternative method.

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